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The reference range for albumin concentrations in serum is approximately 35–50 g/L (3.5–5.0 g/dL). [5] It has a serum half-life of approximately 21 days. [6] It has a molecular mass of 66.5 kDa. The gene for albumin is located on chromosome 4 in locus 4q13.3 and mutations in this gene can result in anomalous proteins.
The 3D structure of human serum albumin has been determined by X-ray crystallography to a resolution of 2.5 ångströms (250 pm). [1] Albumin is a 65–70 kDa protein. Albumin comprises three homologous domains that assemble to form a heart-shaped protein. [2] Each domain is a product of two subdomains that possess common structural motifs. [2]
mg/dL ~1% [1] Albumin: 7.8 [5] 40 [5] mg/dL: 0 [6] - 0.7% [6] - corresponding to an albumin (CSF/serum) quotient of 0 to 7x10 −3: Lactate: 1.1 [1] 2.4 [1] mmol/L ...
Serum albumin, often referred to simply as blood albumin, is an albumin (a type of globular protein) found in vertebrate blood. Human serum albumin is encoded by the ALB gene . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Other mammalian forms, such as bovine serum albumin , are chemically similar.
(It is also sometimes reported as "6.0-8.0g/dl"), [2] but this may vary depending on the method of analysis. Concentrations below the reference range usually reflect low albumin concentration, for instance in liver disease or acute infection. Rarely, low total protein may be a sign of immunodeficiency.
Usually, proteins are dissolved in plasma and globulin is one of them. The protein serum consists of the serum protein which is about 6 to 8 g/dl then albumin makes 3.5 to 5.0 g/dl then the rest should be the globulins. The section where globulins fractions are located is made up of proteins, enzymes, and immunoglobulins.
Serum albumin accounts for 55% of blood proteins, [1] is a major contributor to maintaining the oncotic pressure of plasma and assists, as a carrier, in the transport of lipids and steroid hormones. Globulins make up 38% of blood proteins and transport ions, hormones, and lipids assisting in immune function.
Albumin is a protein made specifically by the liver, and can be measured cheaply and easily. It is the main constituent of total protein (the remaining constituents are primarily globulins). Albumin levels are decreased in chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis. It is also decreased in nephrotic syndrome, where it is lost through the urine.