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  2. Copper in biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_in_biology

    Copper transport at the cellular level involves the movement of extracellular copper across the cell membrane and into the cell by specialized transporters. [18] In the bloodstream, copper is carried throughout the body by albumin, ceruloplasmin, and other proteins. The majority of blood copper (or serum copper) is bound to ceruloplasmin.

  3. Copper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper

    Copper in the body normally undergoes enterohepatic circulation (about 5 mg a day, vs. about 1 mg per day absorbed in the diet and excreted from the body), and the body is able to excrete some excess copper, if needed, via bile, which carries some copper out of the liver that is not then reabsorbed by the intestine.

  4. Biometal (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biometal_(biology)

    The metals copper, zinc, iron, and manganese are examples of metals that are essential for the normal functioning of most plants and the bodies of most animals, such as the human body. A few ( calcium , potassium , sodium ) are present in relatively larger amounts, whereas most others are trace metals , present in smaller but important amounts ...

  5. Ceruloplasmin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceruloplasmin

    Copper availability doesn't affect the translation of the nascent protein. However, the apoenzyme without copper is unstable. Apoceruloplasmin is largely degraded intracellularly in the hepatocyte and the small amount that is released has a short circulation half life of 5 hours as compared to the 5.5 days for the holo-ceruloplasmin.

  6. Copper protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_protein

    Type I copper centres (T1Cu) are characterized by a single copper atom coordinated by two histidine residues and a cysteine residue in a trigonal planar structure, and a variable axial ligand. In class I T1Cu proteins (e.g. amicyanin , plastocyanin and pseudoazurin) the axial ligand is the sulfur of methionine , whereas aminoacids other than ...

  7. Wilson disease protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson_disease_protein

    The ATP7B protein is located in the trans-Golgi network of the liver and brain and balances the copper level in the body by excreting excess copper into bile and plasma. Genetic disorder of the ATP7B gene may cause Wilson's disease, a disease in which copper accumulates in tissues, leading to neurological or psychiatric issues and liver diseases.

  8. Copper deficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_deficiency

    Copper deficiency, or hypocupremia, is defined either as insufficient copper to meet the needs of the body, or as a serum copper level below the normal range. [1] Symptoms may include fatigue, decreased red blood cells, early greying of the hair, and neurological problems presenting as numbness, tingling, muscle weakness, and ataxia. [2]

  9. ATP7A - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP7A

    [8] [9] The decreased supply of copper can reduce the activity of numerous copper-containing enzymes that are necessary for the structure and function of bone, skin, hair, blood vessels, and the nervous system. [8] [10] Copper is also critical for the propagation of prion proteins, and mice with mutations in Atp7a have a delayed onset of prion ...