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The equipment used for communications over multi-mode optical fiber is less expensive than that for single-mode optical fiber. [1] Typical transmission speed and distance limits are 100 Mbit/s for distances up to 2 km (), 1 Gbit/s up to 1000 m, and 10 Gbit/s up to 550 m.
A multi-mode optical fiber has a larger core (≥ 50 micrometers), allowing less precise, cheaper transmitters and receivers to connect to it as well as cheaper connectors. However, a multi-mode fiber introduces multimode distortion, which often limits the bandwidth and length of the link.
An optical waveguide is a physical structure that guides electromagnetic waves in the optical spectrum.Common types of optical waveguides include optical fiber waveguides, transparent dielectric waveguides made of plastic and glass, liquid light guides, and liquid waveguides.
The beat length L b of such a fiber (for a particular wavelength) is the distance (typically a few millimeters) over which the wave in one mode will experience an additional delay of one wavelength compared to the other polarization mode. Thus a length L b /2 of such fiber is equivalent to a half-wave plate. Now consider that there might be a ...
Fibers that support many propagation paths or transverse modes are called multi-mode fibers, while those that support a single mode are called single-mode fibers (SMF). [7] Multi-mode fibers generally have a wider core diameter [8] and are used for short-distance communication links and for applications where high power must be transmitted. [9]
Ordinary fibers measure 125 μm in diameter (a strand of human hair is about 100 μm). The inner diameter measures 9 μm for single-mode cables, and 50 / 62.5 μm for multi-mode cables. The development of "reduced bend radius" fiber in the mid-2000s, enabled a trend towards smaller cables.
Other names for this phenomenon include multimode distortion, multimode dispersion, modal distortion, intermodal distortion, intermodal dispersion, and intermodal delay distortion. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In the ray optics analogy, modal dispersion in a step-index optical fiber may be compared to multipath propagation of a radio signal .
Hard-clad silica (HCS) or polymer-clad fiber (PCF) is an optical fiber with a core of silica glass (diameter: 200 μm) and an optical cladding made of special plastic (diameter: 230 μm). In contrast to all-silica fiber , the core and cladding can be separated from each other.