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Once the neurotransmitter is released into the synapse, it can either bind to receptors on the post-synaptic cell, the pre-synaptic cell can re-uptake it and save it for later transmission, or it can be broken down by enzymes in the synapse specific to that certain neurotransmitter. These three different actions are major areas where drug ...
These are drugs whose primary effects are thought to be mediated by different neurotransmitter systems (dopamine for stimulants, serotonin for antidepressants), but many also increase levels of norepinephrine in the brain. [52] Amphetamine, for example, is a stimulant that increases release of norepinephrine as well as dopamine. [53]
Adrenergic blocking agents are a class of drugs that exhibit its pharmacological action through inhibiting the action of the sympathetic nervous system [1] in the body. The sympathetic nervous system(SNS) is an autonomic nervous system that we cannot control by will.
Symptoms may occur because concentrations of neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine and serotonin, are insufficient, leading to downstream changes. [10] [25] Medications for depression affect the transmission of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. [10]
In accordance with this, drugs that affect 5-HT-containing cells or 5-HT receptors are effective treatments for numerous indications, including depression, anxiety, obesity, nausea, and migraine. Because serotonin and the related hormone melatonin are involved in promoting sleep, they counterbalance the wake-promoting action of increased ...
Cholinergic blocking drugs are a group of drugs that block the action of acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter, in synapses of the cholinergic nervous system. [1] They block acetylcholine from binding to cholinergic receptors, namely the nicotinic and muscarinic receptors.
Dilation and constriction of the pupil. Pupillary response is a physiological response that varies the size of the pupil, via the optic and oculomotor cranial nerve.. A constriction response (), [1] is the narrowing of the pupil, which may be caused by scleral buckles or drugs such as opiates/opioids or anti-hypertension medications.
Discovery was made on the decreased levels of certain neurotransmitters, catecholamines such as norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin, and their role in the pathogenesis of depression. [28] These past discoveries in psychopharmacology led to the development of antidepressants and a range of drugs with different functions on those ...