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Degenerative arthritis, or osteoarthritis of the spine, can cause degeneration within the sacroiliac joints and lead to inflammation and joint pain. Any form of spondyloarthropathies, which includes ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis , reactive arthritis or arthritis related to inflammatory bowel diseases , including ulcerative colitis ...
Muscles and ligaments surround and attach to the SI joint in the front and back, primarily on the ilial or sacral surfaces. These can all be a source of pain and inflammation if the SI joint is dysfunctional. [9] [2] The sacroiliac joint is highly dependent on its strong ligamentous structure for support and stability. [9]
Axial spondyloarthritis (also often referred to as axSpA) is a chronic, immune-mediated disease predominantly affecting the axial skeleton (sacroiliac joints and spine). [1] The term itself is an umbrella term characterizing a diverse disease family united by shared clinical and genetic features, such as the involvement of the axial skeleton. [2]
The disc spaces, facet and sacroiliac joints remain unaffected. Diagnosis requires confluent ossification of at least four contiguous vertebral bodies. [2] Classically, advanced disease may have "melted candle wax" appearance along the spine on radiographic studies. [13]
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a systemic rheumatic disease, meaning it affects the entire body. 1–2% of individuals with the HLA-B27 genotype develop the disease. [17] Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF α) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) are also implicated in ankylosing spondylitis.
The incidence of spondyloarthritis as a disease entity was recorded in only four investigations, and ranged from 0.48/100,000 in Japan [54] to 62.5/100,000 in Spain. [55] [56] Data on the prevalence of spondyloarthritis were reported from 16 investigations; the results ranged from 0.01% in Japan [54] to 2.5% in Alaska. [57] [56]
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ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. [1]