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Symptoms start two hours to five days after exposure. [3] Cholera is caused by a number of types of Vibrio cholerae, with some types producing more severe disease than others. [2] It is spread mostly by unsafe water and unsafe food that has been contaminated with human feces containing the bacteria. [2] Undercooked shellfish is a common source. [9]
Cholera is a bacterial infection of the intestines that leads to severe diarrhea and rapid dehydration, "which can quickly become life-threatening without treatment," says Dr. Jason Nagata, a ...
Cholera toxin (also known as choleragen and sometimes abbreviated to CTX, Ctx or CT) is an AB5 multimeric protein complex secreted by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] CTX is responsible for the massive, watery diarrhea characteristic of cholera infection. [ 3 ]
The sixth cholera pandemic (1899–1923) was a major outbreak of cholera beginning in India, where it killed more than 800,000 people, and spreading to the Middle East, North Africa, Eastern Europe, and Russia.
Symptoms of Cholera include nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting which contribute to dehydration, erratic heartbeat, and shriveled skin. [84] These symptoms contributed to Cholera's high mortality rate. [85] Some of the most significant Cholera outbreaks occurred during the 1800s (when the cause was still unknown).
Vibrio cholerae is a species of Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe and comma-shaped bacteria. [1] The bacteria naturally live in brackish or saltwater where they attach themselves easily to the chitin-containing shells of crabs, shrimp, and other shellfish.
The study of cholera in England by John Snow, between 1849 and 1854, led to significant advances in the field of epidemiology. [ 4 ] [ 10 ] Seven large outbreaks have occurred over the last 200 years, with millions of deaths.
Symptoms of the disease appear between 12 hours and 5 days of infection; however, only 10% of infected people show severe symptoms of watery diarrhoea, vomiting and leg cramps. [8] Cholera is diagnosed through a stool test or rectal swab, and today treatment takes the form of an oral rehydration solution (ORS).