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Lithium and then potassium are the two lightest metallic elements. Magnesium, aluminium and titanium alloys are light metals of significant commercial importance. [2] Their densities of 1.7, 2.7 and 4.5 g/cm 3 range from 19 to 56% of the densities of other structural metals, [3] such as iron (7.9) and copper (8.9).
Most metal borides are hard; [41] however, a few stand out among them for their particularly high hardnesses (for example, WB 4, [42] [43] RuB 2, OsB 2 and ReB 2). These metal borides are still metals and not semiconductors or insulators (as indicated by their high electronic density of states at the Fermi Level ); however, the additional ...
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Figure 1: Number of scientific articles with terms AZ91 or AZ31 in the abstract. Camera chassis of a Samsung NX1, made of magnesium alloy. Magnesium alloys are mixtures of magnesium (the lightest structural metal) with other metals (called an alloy), often aluminium, zinc, manganese, silicon, copper, rare earths and zirconium.
It is the least dense of all elements that are solids at room temperature; the next lightest solid element (potassium, at 0.862 g/cm 3) is more than 60% denser. Apart from helium and hydrogen , as a solid it is less dense than any other element as a liquid, being only two-thirds as dense as liquid nitrogen (0.808 g/cm 3 ). [ 15 ]
The metal is a dimorphic allotrope of a hexagonal close packed α form that changes into a body-centered cubic (lattice) β form at 882 °C (1,620 °F). [ 24 ] [ 25 ] The specific heat of the α form increases dramatically as it is heated to this transition temperature but then falls and remains fairly constant for the β form regardless of ...
At the time, a group at BASF led by Carl Bosch bought most of the world's supply of osmium to use as a catalyst. Shortly thereafter, in 1908, cheaper catalysts based on iron and iron oxides were introduced by the same group for the first pilot plants, removing the need for the expensive and rare osmium.