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Double deviance theory states, "women are treated more harshly [than men] by the criminal justice system... because they are guilty of being doubly deviant.They have deviated from accepted social norms by breaking the law and deviated from gender norms which state how woman should behave."
Heidensohn's article "The Deviance of Women: A Critique and An Enquiry" (1968) is credited as the first critique of mainstream criminology's failure to include women in their studies, stating that "the deviance of women is one of the areas of human behavior most notably ignored in sociological literature" and called for more research to be done ...
In a study that looked at self-reports of delinquent acts, researchers identified several sex differences by looking at sex ratios. For every woman, 1.28 men drink alcohol, which is a large influencer in deviant behavior. For every woman, 2.7 men committed the crime of stealing up to $50. Lastly, for every woman, 3.7 men steal more than $50.
Women's victimization has both direct and indirect effects that relate to women's criminal behavior. [7] Among the many traumas female offenders experience in a lifetime, child abuse and partner abuse have well-documented associations with female criminal behavior. [7]
A disgraced CIA officer who drugged and sexually abused “numerous women in multiple countries” over 14 years and was found with over 500 disturbing images and videos of his victims was ...
The resulting publicity has the potential to increase the deviant behavior by glamorizing it, or by making it seem common or acceptable. In the next stage, public concern typically forces the police and the law enforcement system to focus more resources on dealing with the specific deviancy than it warrants.
There is a difference in the continuity of antisocial behavior between men and women as well. In one longitudinal study an entire county's population was followed from age 8 to 48. Only 18% of the women who ranked high in antisocial behavior at age 8 rank high at age 48, while 47% of men stay in the high category.
Researchers like Hunter and Becker in their analysis of the causes and treatment implications of the role of deviant sexual arousal in juvenile sex offenders emphasize its prevalence and suggest numerous theories, some including the idea that deviant interests develop early in life and strengthen through committing sexual acts with the deviant ...