Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The perfect passive is usually made with the perfect participle combined with sum, e.g. missus sum 'I was sent, I have been sent', ductus sum 'I was led, I have been led'. Some perfect tenses have an irregular stem, for example sum, fuī 'I am', eō, īvī 'I go', ferō, tulī 'I bring, I bear', tollō, sustulī 'I raise, I remove'.
There are also indicative paradigms for all six tenses in the passive voice, as follows: (a) Infectum tenses Present: dūcor 'I am led, I am being led' Future: dūcar 'I will be led, I will be being led' Imperfect: dūcēbar 'I was being led, I used to be led' (b) Perfectum tenses Perfect: ductus sum (ductus fuī) 'I was led, I have been led'
In early Latin, the future perfect indicative had a short i in amāveris, ... The perfect passive participle is declined like a 1st and 2nd declension adjective.
Latin verbs have six basic tenses in the indicative mood. Three of these are based on the present stem (e.g. dūc-) and three on the perfect stem (e.g. dūx-). In addition, there are four tenses in the subjunctive mood, and two in the imperative.
The 'active infinitive' mode is often realised by a simple accusative future participle. The 'passive infinitive' mode can be realised by the ' īrī infinitive' paradigm of the perfect periphrasis, but this option is comparatively rare. [3] There are three additional future infinitive periphrases for both active and passive/deponent verbs.
If the verb in an apodosis is a future perfect tense in direct speech, it cannot be expressed using an active verb, but it is possible to use or deponent or passive perfect participle with fore: [159] hoc possum dīcere, mē satis adeptum fore, sī nūllum in mē perīculum redundārit (Cicero) [160]
A negative order can also use the perfect subjunctive: [8] dē mē nihil timuerīs [9] 'do not be afraid on my account' In later Latin, nē plus the present subjunctive became more common, for example in the Vulgate Bible. In the following example the first three verbs use the present subjunctive, and the third the perfect subjunctive:
The word perfect in this sense means "completed" (from Latin perfectum, which is the perfect passive participle of the verb perficere "to complete"). In traditional Latin and Ancient Greek grammar, the perfect tense is a particular, conjugated -verb form.