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The mean sea level rise globally was 3–10 mm per year, while the subsidence rate for Jakarta was around 75–100 mm per year, making the relative rise in sea level nearly 10 cm per year. [39] Continued carbon emissions at the 2019 rate, in combination with unlicensed groundwater extraction, is predicted to immerse 95% of Northern Jakarta by 2050.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirect page. Redirect to: Climate change in Indonesia#Sea level rise and land subsidence
Established in 1985, The Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS) is an Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) program whose purpose is to measure sea level globally for long-term climate change studies. The program's purpose has changed since the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and the program now collects real time measurements of sea ...
The Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries' primary task is to marine affairs and fisheries in Indonesia; its functions are as follows: To develop, establish, and execute maritime affairs and fisheries policies.
From this sea 85% of the ITF uses the broad Timor and narrow Ombai passage. The location and topography of the channels that make up the ITF are shown inset. Lombok Strait is 300m deep and roughly 35 km wide and the currents vary between 0.286 m/s (0.6 mi/hr) eastward to 0.67 m/s westward and average 0.25 m/s westward.
Jason-3 is a satellite altimeter created by a partnership of the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) and National Aeronautic and Space Administration (), and is an international cooperative mission in which National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is partnering with the Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES, French space agency).
A common and relatively straightforward mean sea-level standard is instead a long-term average of tide gauge readings at a particular reference location. [1] The term above sea level generally refers to the height above mean sea level (AMSL). The term APSL means above present sea level, comparing sea levels in the past with the level today.
A tide gauge is a device for measuring the change in sea level relative to a vertical datum. [2] [3] It is also known as a mareograph, [4] marigraph, [5] and sea-level recorder. [6] When applied to freshwater continental water bodies, the instrument may also be called a limnimeter. [7] [8]