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A hammer toe, hammertoe or contracted toe is a deformity of the muscles and ligaments of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the second, third, fourth, or fifth toe, bending it into a shape resembling a hammer. In the early stage, a flexible hammertoe is movable at the joints; a rigid hammertoe joint cannot be moved and usually requires surgery.
A bunion is a bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of the big toe, often resulting in the toe pointing abnormally toward the second toe. Akin osteotomy is usually performed in conjunction with other procedures (such as the Chevron procedure) [citation needed] to correct the alignment of the toe and relieve associated symptoms. [2]
It has also been used for hammer toe. [3] As an alternative to SLAP lesion labral repair, the tendon of the long head of the bicep can be released. [4] Achilles tenotomy is commonly used as part of the Ponseti Method of treating clubfoot. [citation needed]
It is sometimes performed to correct a hallux valgus, or to straighten a bone that has healed crookedly following a fracture. It is also used to correct a coxa vara, genu valgum, and genu varum. The operation is done under a general anaesthetic. [1] Osteotomy is one method to relieve pain of arthritis, especially of the hip and knee.
Lastly, patients can also decide to have surgery performed by a podiatrist or an orthopedic surgeon. Surgery may help to stabilize the patients' feet or correct progressive problems. These procedures include straightening and pinning the toes, lowering the arch, and sometimes, fusing the ankle joint to provide stability. [15]
Eponymous surgical procedures are generally named after the surgeon or surgeons who performed or reported them first. In some instances they are named after the surgeon who popularised them or refined existing procedures, and occasionally are named after the patient who first underwent the procedure.
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