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By convention, the (higher) heat of combustion is defined to be the heat released for the complete combustion of a compound in its standard state to form stable products in their standard states: hydrogen is converted to water (in its liquid state), carbon is converted to carbon dioxide gas, and nitrogen is converted to nitrogen gas.
Standard enthalpy of combustion is the enthalpy change when one mole of an organic compound reacts with molecular oxygen (O 2) to form carbon dioxide and liquid water. For example, the standard enthalpy of combustion of ethane gas refers to the reaction C 2 H 6 (g) + (7/2) O 2 (g) → 2 CO 2 (g) + 3 H 2 O (l).
For instance, carbon and hydrogen will not directly react to form methane (CH 4), so that the standard enthalpy of formation cannot be measured directly. However the standard enthalpy of combustion is readily measurable using bomb calorimetry. The standard enthalpy of formation is then determined using Hess's law. The combustion of methane:
Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o liquid: −118.910 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o liquid: 171.0 J/(mol K) Heat capacity, c p: 98.36 J/(mol K) Gas properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o gas: −104.7 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o gas: 269.91 J/(mol K) Enthalpy of combustion, Δ c H o: −2220.0 kJ/mol Heat ...
Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o solid? kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o solid? J/(mol K) Heat capacity, c p? J/(mol K) Liquid properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o liquid: −238.4 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o liquid: 127.2 J/(mol K) Enthalpy of combustion Δ c H o: −715.0 kJ/mol Heat capacity, c p
Standard molar entropy, S o solid: 45.56 J/(mol K) Heat capacity, c p: 118.4 J/(mol K) at 0 °C Liquid properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o liquid +48.7 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o liquid: 173.26 J/(mol K) Enthalpy of combustion, Δ c H o –3273 kJ/mol Heat capacity, [2] c p: 134.8 J/(mol K) Gas properties Std enthalpy ...
Std enthalpy change of fusion, Δ fus H o +4.9 kJ/mol Std entropy change of fusion, Δ fus S o +31 J/(mol·K) Std enthalpy change of vaporization, Δ vap H o +42.3 ± 0.4 kJ/mol [4] Std entropy change of vaporization, Δ vap S o: 109.67 J/(mol·K) Molal freezing point constant: −1.99 °C kg/mol Solid properties Std enthalpy change of ...
Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o liquid? kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o liquid: 117.8 J/(mol K) Heat capacity, c p: 67.4 J/(mol K) Gas properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o gas +52.47 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o gas: 219.32 J/(mol K) Enthalpy of combustion, Δ c H o –1387.4 kJ/mol Heat capacity, c p: 42.9 ...