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  2. Oxygen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen

    Oxygen is the most abundant chemical element by mass in the Earth's biosphere, air, sea and land. Oxygen is the third most abundant chemical element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium. [68] About 0.9% of the Sun's mass is oxygen. [19]

  3. Allotropes of oxygen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotropes_of_oxygen

    Singlet oxygen is the common name used for the two metastable states of molecular oxygen (O 2) with higher energy than the ground state triplet oxygen. Because of the differences in their electron shells, singlet oxygen has different chemical and physical properties than triplet oxygen, including absorbing and emitting light at different ...

  4. Oxygen compounds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_compounds

    Oxygen represents more than 40% of the molecular weight of the ATP molecule The element is found in almost all biomolecules that are important to, or generated by, life. Only a few common complex biomolecules, such as squalene and the carotenes , contain no oxygen.

  5. Cellular respiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_respiration

    Nutrients that are commonly used by animal and plant cells in respiration include sugar, amino acids and fatty acids, and the most common oxidizing agent is molecular oxygen (O 2). The chemical energy stored in ATP (the bond of its third phosphate group to the rest of the molecule can be broken allowing more stable products to form, thereby ...

  6. Singlet oxygen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singlet_oxygen

    The lowest excited state of the diatomic oxygen molecule is a singlet state. It is a gas with physical properties differing only subtly from those of the more prevalent triplet ground state of O 2. In terms of its chemical reactivity, however, singlet oxygen is far more reactive toward organic compounds.

  7. Oxygen evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_evolution

    Oxygen evolution is the chemical process of generating elemental diatomic oxygen (O 2) by a chemical reaction, usually from water, the most abundant oxide compound in the universe. Oxygen evolution on Earth is effected by biotic oxygenic photosynthesis , photodissociation , hydroelectrolysis , and thermal decomposition of various oxides and ...

  8. Reactive oxygen species - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactive_oxygen_species

    The last destination for an electron along this chain is an oxygen molecule. In normal conditions, the oxygen is reduced to produce water; however, in about 0.1–2% of electrons passing through the chain (this number derives from studies in isolated mitochondria, though the exact rate in live organisms is yet to be fully agreed upon), oxygen ...

  9. Tetraoxygen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraoxygen

    Tetraoxygen was first predicted in 1924 by Gilbert N. Lewis, who proposed it as an explanation for the failure of liquid oxygen to obey Curie's law. [1] Though not entirely inaccurate, computer simulations indicate that although there are no stable O 4 molecules in liquid oxygen, O 2 molecules do tend to associate in pairs with antiparallel spins, forming transient O 4 units. [2]