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The Masoretic Text [a] (MT or 𝕸; Hebrew: נֻסָּח הַמָּסוֹרָה, romanized: Nūssāḥ hamMāsōrā, lit. 'Text of the Tradition') is the authoritative Hebrew and Aramaic text of the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) in Rabbinic Judaism.
Leningrad Codex text sample, portions of Exodus 15:21-16:3. A Hebrew Bible manuscript is a handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) made on papyrus, parchment, or paper, and written in the Hebrew language (some of the biblical text and notations may be in Aramaic).
The Masoretes (Hebrew: בַּעֲלֵי הַמָּסוֹרָה, romanized: Baʿălēy Hammāsōrā, lit. 'Masters of the Tradition') were groups of Jewish scribe-scholars who worked from around the end of the 5th through 10th centuries CE, [1] [2] based primarily in the Jewish centers of the Levant (e.g. Tiberias and Jerusalem) and Mesopotamia (e.g. Sura and Nehardea). [3]
A sample page from Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (Genesis 1,1-16a).. The Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, abbreviated as BHS or rarely BH 4, is an edition of the Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible as preserved in the Leningrad Codex, and supplemented by masoretic and text-critical notes.
Textual criticism of the Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament) has included study of its textual variants. Although the Masoretic Text (MT) counts as the authoritative form of the Hebrew Bible according to Rabbinic Judaism, modern scholars seeking to understand the history of the Hebrew Bible use a range of sources. [1]
The Hebrew language developed out of the Canaanite language, and some Semitist scholars consider both Hebrew and Phoenician to have been essentially dialects of Canaanite. [7] The language variety in which the Masoretic biblical text is written is known as Biblical Hebrew or Classical Hebrew (c. 10th century BCE – 1st
The Leningrad Codex (Latin: Codex Leningradensis [Leningrad Book]; Hebrew: כתב יד לנינגרד) is the oldest known complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible in Hebrew, using the Masoretic Text and Tiberian vocalization. According to its colophon, it was made in Cairo in AD 1008 (or possibly 1009). [1]
A Mikraot Gedolot (Hebrew: מקראות גדולות, lit. 'Great Scriptures'), often called a "Rabbinic Bible" in English, [1] is an edition of the Hebrew Bible that generally includes three distinct elements: The Masoretic Text in its letters, niqqud (vocalisation marks), and cantillation marks; A Targum or Aramaic translation