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Cymbopogon nardus, common name citronella grass, is a species of perennial aromatic plant from the family Poaceae, originating in tropical Asia. C. nardus cannot be eaten because of its unpalatable nature and is an invasive species that renders pastureland useless, since cattle will starve even in its abundance.
Commonly known as cuckoo wasps or emerald wasps, the hymenopteran family Chrysididae is a very large cosmopolitan group (over 3000 described species) of parasitoid or kleptoparasitic wasps, often highly sculptured, [1] with brilliant metallic colors created by structural coloration. [2]
The parasitoid wasps include some very large groups, some estimates giving the Chalcidoidea as many as 500,000 species, the Ichneumonidae 100,000 species, and the Braconidae up to 50,000 species. Host insects have evolved a range of defences against parasitoid wasps, including hiding, wriggling, and camouflage markings.
The prey is paralysed with the female's sting, and an egg is laid on it so the wasp larva has a ready supply of food. As some of the ground-dwelling scarab species attacked by tiphiids are pests, some of these wasps are considered beneficial as biological control agents .
Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants.Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, [2] [3] in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. [4]
An identification key for the genera of the World was published by Vilhemsen (2003). [12] The following list summarizes the genera and species and their gross distribution together with indications on identification keys: Argentophrynopus Vilhelmsen & D.R. Smith, 2002: 2 species, Costa Rica and supposedly Mexico. Taxonomy: Vilhelmsen & Smith ...
Chalcidoid wasps are small wasps (most within the range 0.5–5 mm). However the group does include the smallest known insect (Dicopomorpha echmepterygis males have a body length of 0.14–0.24 mm); the largest chalcidoids include Leucospis gigas with a body length of up to 21 mm [2] and Doddifoenus wallacei with a body length of up to 19.6 mm. [3]
Encyrtidae (parasitic wasps) 59 species; Eulophidae 140 species; Eupelmidae (parasitic wasps) 3 species including, Eupelmus vesicularis 1 species; Eurytomidae 17 species; Mymaridae (fairyflies / fairy wasps) 21 species; Ormyridae (parasitic wasps) 1 species; Pteromalidae (parasitoid wasps) 167 species; Tetracampidae (parasitic wasps) 2 species ...