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The Fourth Philippine Republic, also known as the Fourth Republic of the Philippines (Tagalog: Repúbliká ng Pilipinas; Spanish: República de Filipinas), was established after Ferdinand Marcos won the 1981 Philippine presidential election and referendum. Marcos announced the beginning of the Fourth Republic on June 30, during his inauguration ...
The Marcos era includes the final years of the Third Republic (1965–1972), the Philippines under martial law (1972–1981), and the majority of the Fourth Republic (1981–1986). By the end of the Marcos dictatorial era, the country was experiencing a debt crisis, extreme poverty, and severe underemployment. [2] [3]
Martial law monument in Mehan Garden. Martial law in the Philippines (Filipino: Batas Militar sa Pilipinas) refers to the various historical instances in which the Philippine head of state placed all or part of the country under military control [1] —most prominently [2]: 111 during the administration of Ferdinand Marcos, [3] [4] but also during the Philippines' colonial period, during the ...
The tradition of delivering the SONA on the fourth Monday of January ended in 1972, when from 1973 to 1977, President Ferdinand E. Marcos delivered the Address every September 21—the official anniversary of his imposition of Martial Law upon the country.
Martial law protest. Barred from running for a third term as president in 1973, Marcos announced Proclamation No. 1081 on September 23, 1972, declaring martial law, [16] using the civil unrest that arose after the 1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis as a justification for the proclamation. [17]
On January 17, 1981, President Marcos announced the lifting of martial law via Proclamation No. 2045; in his address, he also inaugurated the "New Republic." Although martial law has ended, Marcos retained all presidential decrees, legislative powers and the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus.
Due to Martial Law and subsequent political maneuvers, Marcos stayed in power until he was ousted in 1986. His extended rule as dictator lasted from 1972-1986, adding approx. 13 years to his tenure beyond what would have been a regular second term. Updated daily according to UTC.
A national referendum-plebiscite was held on October 16–17, 1976 in the Philippines in which the majority of the barangay voters approved the continuation of martial law and ratified the proposed amendments to the Constitution substituting the Regular Batasang Pambansa with the Interim Batasang Pambansa, pursuant to Presidential Decrees Nos. 991, 1031, and 1032.