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The term Jesuit (of 15th-century origin, meaning "one who used too frequently or appropriated the name of Jesus") was first applied to the society in reproach (1544–1552). [26] The term was never used by Ignatius of Loyola, but over time, members and friends of the society adopted the name with a positive meaning. [16]
Jesuit formation, or the training of Jesuits, is the process by which candidates are prepared for ordination or brotherly service in the Society of Jesus, the world's largest male Catholic religious order. The process is based on the Constitution of the Society of Jesus written by Ignatius of Loyola and approved in 1550. There are various ...
The Ratio Studiorum, dated 1598, formally issued in 1599. The Ratio atque Institutio Studiorum Societatis Iesu (Method and System of the Studies of the Society of Jesus), often abbreviated as Ratio Studiorum (Latin: Plan of Studies), was a document that standardized the globally influential system of Jesuit education in 1599.
The Exercises are seen variously as an occasion for a change of life [2]: 18 and as a school of contemplative prayer. The most common way for laypersons to go through the Exercises now is a "retreat in daily life", which involves a five- to seven-month programme of daily prayer and meetings with a spiritual director. [17]
During this time, the Jesuit in formation, called a "tertian", will undertake an apostolic placement of teaching or service. The tertian will also return to study the history and foundational documents of the Society, study of ascetical theology, [ 3 ] and undergo a thirty-day silent retreat based on the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola .
The first Sodality of Our Lady in Canada was established by the Jesuits in Quebec in 1657. [6] Similar models, although not aggregates of the "Prima Primaria", were the confrarias (or Confraternities) founded by the Jesuits in Japan. Within a few years of their arrival in 1549, the Jesuits had established lay communities of Catholic faithful.
St. Ignatius counseled people to receive the Eucharist more often, and from the order's earliest days the Jesuits were promoters of "frequent communion". It was the custom for many Catholics at that time to receive Holy Communion perhaps once or twice a year, out of what Catholic theologians considered an exaggerated respect for the sacrament.
"Black Pope" is an unofficial designation given to the position of Superior General of the Order of the Jesuits. [2] The name follows from his leadership of the largest Catholic, male religious order [ 3 ] and from the colour of the plain black cassock worn by members of the Society, including the Superior General. [ 4 ]