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  2. Abstract and concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_and_concrete

    Abstract objects are most commonly used in philosophy, particularly metaphysics, and semantics. They are sometimes called abstracta in contrast to concreta. The term abstract object is said to have been coined by Willard Van Orman Quine. [5] Abstract object theory is a discipline that studies the nature and role of abstract objects. It holds ...

  3. Abstraction (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraction_(computer_science)

    Each level uses a system of expression involving a unique set of objects and compositions that apply only to a particular domain. [12] Each relatively abstract, "higher" level builds on a relatively concrete, "lower" level, which tends to provide an increasingly "granular" representation. For example, gates build on electronic circuits, binary ...

  4. Abstract type - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_type

    In class-based object-oriented programming, abstract types are implemented as abstract classes (also known as abstract base classes), and concrete types as concrete classes. In generic programming , the analogous notion is a concept , which similarly specifies syntax and semantics, but does not require a subtype relationship: two unrelated ...

  5. Abstract object theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_object_theory

    Abstract Objects: An Introduction to Axiomatic Metaphysics (1983) is the title of a publication by Edward Zalta that outlines abstract object theory. AOT is a dual predication approach (also known as "dual copula strategy") to abstract objects [3] [4] influenced by the contributions of Alexius Meinong [5] [6] and his student Ernst Mally.

  6. Abstract syntax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_syntax

    This is particularly used in the representation of text in computer languages, [2] which are generally stored in a tree structure as an abstract syntax tree. Abstract syntax, which only consists of the structure of data, is contrasted with concrete syntax, which also includes information about the representation. For example, concrete syntax ...

  7. Abstract factory pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_factory_pattern

    The client code deals only with the abstract type. Objects of a concrete type are indeed created by the factory, but the client code accesses such objects only through their abstract interfaces. [6] Adding new concrete types is performed by modifying the client code to use a different factory, a modification that is typically one line in one file.

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  9. Nominalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominalism

    In metaphysics, nominalism is the view that universals and abstract objects do not actually exist other than being merely names or labels. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] There are two main versions of nominalism. One denies the existence of universals –that which can be instantiated or exemplified by many particular things (e.g., strength, humanity).