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For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study participants (potentially tens of thousands) to determine if the treatment is effective. [1] Clinical research is conducted on drug candidates, vaccine candidates, new medical devices, and new diagnostic assays.
The drug pipeline is also sometimes restricted to a particular drug class or extended to mean the process of discovering drugs (the research and development pipeline). [3] The R&D pipeline involves various phases that can broadly be grouped in 4 stages: discovery, pre-clinical, clinical trials and marketing (or post-approval).
In drug development and medical device development [1] the Investigator's Brochure (IB) is a comprehensive document summarizing the body of information about an investigational product ("IP" or "study drug") obtained during a drug trial. The IB is a document of critical importance throughout the drug development process and is updated with new ...
Drug development – the process of taking a new chemical through the stages necessary to allow testing in clinical trials; Biotechnology – the technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms to make or modify products or processes for specific use Biopharmaceutical – a drug produced using biotechnology
Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery.It includes preclinical research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the United States Food and Drug Administration for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may ...
The trials are typically conducted in three phases: [5] Phase 1: The drug is tested in 20 to 100 healthy volunteers to determine its safety at low doses. About 70% of candidate drugs advance to Phase 2. Phase 2: The drug is tested for both efficacy and safety in up to several hundred people with the targeted disease.
Clinical research is often conducted at academic medical centers and affiliated research study sites. [2] These centers and sites provide the prestige of the academic institution as well as access to larger metropolitan areas, providing a larger pool of medical participants. These academic medical centers often have their internal Institutional ...
A dose-ranging study is a clinical trial where different doses of an agent (e.g. a drug) are tested against each other to establish which dose works best and/or is least harmful. Dose-ranging is usually a pre-clinical, phase I or early phase II clinical trial.