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  2. Cognitive bias in animals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_bias_in_animals

    In humans, for example, an optimistic or pessimistic bias might affect one's answer to the question "Is the glass half empty or half full?" To explore cognitive bias, one might train an animal to expect that a positive event follows one stimulus and that a negative event follows another stimulus. For example, on many trials, if the animal ...

  3. Learned optimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learned_optimism

    A learned optimism test (developed by Seligman) is used to determine an individual's base level of optimism. Being in the more pessimistic categories means that learning optimism has a chance of preventing depression, helping the person achieve more, and improve physical health.

  4. Optimism bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimism_bias

    Optimism bias or optimistic bias is a cognitive bias that causes someone to believe that they themselves are less likely to experience a negative event. It is also known as unrealistic optimism or comparative optimism. It is common and transcends gender, ethnicity, nationality, and age. [1] Autistic people are less susceptible to this kind of ...

  5. Here’s How Learned Optimism Can Help With Anxiety ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/learned-optimism-help-anxiety...

    For example, a person experiencing learned helplessness will likely give up after failing or repeatedly struggling to succeed at a particular task, whereas a person practicing learned optimism won ...

  6. Are pessimistic brains different? - AOL

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/2014-04-11-are-pessimistic...

    A new study from Michigan State University says that there's a physical, biological difference in the brains of optimists and pessimists. The study took 71 female participants and pre-screened ...

  7. Emotion in animals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotion_in_animals

    It refers to the question "Is the glass half empty or half full?", used as an indicator of optimism or pessimism. To test this in animals, an individual is trained to anticipate that stimulus A, e.g. a 20 Hz tone, precedes a positive event, e.g. highly desired food is delivered when a lever is pressed by the animal.

  8. Radical optimism sits in the middle of this spectrum—you wholly accept your reality while still believing you can overcome life’s obstacles. “You aren't denying or avoiding acknowledgment of ...

  9. Optimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimism

    Optimism is an attitude reflecting a belief or hope that the outcome of some specific endeavor, or outcomes in general, will be positive, favorable, and desirable. A common idiom used to illustrate optimism versus pessimism is a glass filled with water to the halfway point : an optimist is said to see the glass as half full, while a pessimist ...