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A geodetic control network is a network, often of triangles, that are measured precisely by techniques of control surveying, such as terrestrial surveying or satellite geodesy. It is also known as a geodetic network, reference network, control point network, or simply control network.
Frequently in surveying engineering and geodetic science, control points (CP) are setting/observing distance and direction (bearings, angles, azimuths, and elevation). The CP throughout the control network may consist of monuments, benchmarks, vertical control, etc. There are mainly two types of traverse:
These could be measured much more accurately than bearings of the vertices, which depended on a compass. This established the key idea of surveying a large-scale primary network of control points first, and then locating secondary subsidiary points later, within that primary network.
These could be measured more accurately than bearings of the vertices, which depended on a compass. His work established the idea of surveying a primary network of control points, and locating subsidiary points inside the primary network later. Between 1733 and 1740, Jacques Cassini and his son César undertook the first triangulation of France.
Horizontal survey control network in the United States in 1931. As more new surveys and previously isolated survey networks were incorporated into the system, it became increasingly difficult to make the necessary corrections. By the mid-1920s, it was realized that the coordinate system needed to be adjusted.
When performing a resection (free stationing) with the total station, bearings and distances are measured to at least two known points of a control network. With use of a handheld computer , recorded data can be related to local polar coordinates , defined by the horizontal circle of the total station.
In a triangulation network, at least one distance between two stations needs to be measured to calculate the size of the triangles by trigonometry. In relative Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) surveying, a baseline is the line between two GNSS receivers to determine the 3D coordinate difference.
The Transcontinental Traverse (TCT) was a geodetic survey traverse conducted in the continental United States by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey between 1961 and 1970 and the U.S. National Geodetic Survey between 1970 and 1976. It was the most accurate large-area survey ever done prior to Global Positioning System surveys.
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