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Respiratory sounds, also known as lung sounds or breath sounds, are the specific sounds generated by the movement of air through the respiratory system. [1] These may be easily audible or identified through auscultation of the respiratory system through the lung fields with a stethoscope as well as from the spectral characteristics of lung sounds. [2]
The anterior fields can also be auscultated from the front. [15] [16] An area of thinner musculature on the back where sounds may be more audible is called the triangle of auscultation. [17] During auscultation, deep breaths are taken through the mouth and abnormal sounds listened for. [18] [19] Abnormal sounds include:
Understanding Pediatric Heart Sounds Understanding Lung Sounds 3rd edition (2002) by Steven Lehrer is a book and audio CD that guides the student through the skills of lung auscultation . It provides a complete overview of lung examination, anatomy, physiology, and pathology.
The triangle of auscultation can be used as a surgical approach path. [2] [3] It can also be used for applying a nerve block known as the rhomboid intercostal block, which can be used to relieve pain after rib fractures, and a thoracotomy. This nerve block is usually achieved by injection of the local anesthetic agent into the fascial plane ...
Stridor (from Latin 'creaking/grating noise') is an extra-thoracic high-pitched breath sound resulting from turbulent air flow in the larynx or lower in the bronchial tree. It is different from a stertor, which is a noise originating in the pharynx. Stridor is a physical sign which is caused by a narrowed or obstructed airway.
Crackles are the clicking, rattling, or crackling noises that may be made by one or both lungs of a human with a respiratory disease during inhalation, and occasionally during exhalation. They are usually heard only with a stethoscope ("on auscultation"). Pulmonary crackles are abnormal breath sounds that were formerly referred to as rales. [2]
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Since the physics of Doppler auscultation and classic auscultation are different, it has been suggested that both methods could complement each other. [29] [30] A military noise-immune Doppler based stethoscope has recently been developed for auscultation of patients in loud sound environments (up to 110 dB).