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Regulatory macrophages (Mregs) represent a subset of anti-inflammatory macrophages. In general, macrophages are a very dynamic and plastic cell type and can be divided into two main groups: classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). [1] M2 group can further be divided into sub-groups M2a, M2b, M2c, and ...
Macrophages also play a role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Like T cells, macrophages can be infected with HIV, and even become a reservoir of ongoing virus replication throughout the body. HIV can enter the macrophage through binding of gp120 to CD4 and second membrane receptor, CCR5 (a chemokine receptor).
CD47 (Cluster of Differentiation 47) also known as integrin associated protein (IAP) is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the CD47 gene.CD47 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily [5] and partners with membrane integrins and also binds the ligands thrombospondin-1 and signal-regulatory protein alpha (). [6]
Signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) is a regulatory membrane glycoprotein from SIRP family expressed mainly by myeloid cells and also by stem cells [citation needed] or neurons. SIRPα acts as inhibitory receptor and interacts with a broadly expressed transmembrane protein CD47 also called the "don't eat me" signal.
Regulatory macrophages; S. Siderophage; Smoker's macrophages; T. Tingible body macrophage; Tumor-associated macrophage This page was last edited on 29 August 2020, at ...
Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) also known as MUM1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRF4 gene. [5] [6] [7] IRF4 functions as a key regulatory transcription factor in the development of human immune cells. [8] [9] The expression of IRF4 is essential for the differentiation of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes as well as certain ...
A macrophage-activating factor (MAF) is a lymphokine or other receptor based signal that primes macrophages towards cytotoxicity to tumors, cytokine secretion, or clearance of pathogens. Similar molecules may cause development of an inhibitory, regulatory phenotype.
CD14 (cluster of differentiation 14) is a human protein made mostly by macrophages as part of the innate immune system. [5] [6] It helps to detect bacteria in the body by binding lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP).