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Allyl chloride is the organic compound with the formula C H 2 =CHCH 2 Cl. This colorless liquid is insoluble in water but soluble in common organic solvents. It is mainly converted to epichlorohydrin , used in the production of plastics.
In 1844, Theodor Wertheim isolated an allyl derivative from garlic oil and named it "Schwefelallyl ". [3] [4] The term allyl applies to many compounds related to H 2 C=CH−CH 2, some of which are of practical or of everyday importance, for example, allyl chloride. Allylation is any chemical reaction that adds an allyl group to a substrate. [1]
Allylpalladium(II) chloride dimer (APC) is a chemical compound with the formula [(η 3-C 3 H 5)PdCl] 2. This yellow air-stable compound is an important catalyst used in organic synthesis . [ 2 ] It is one of the most widely used transition metal allyl complexes .
Methallyl chloride is the organic compound with the formula CH 2 =C(CH 3)CH 2 Cl. It is a colorless liquid and a lacrymator. Its properties are similar to those of allyl chloride. It is a strong alkylating agent used to install isobutenyl groups. [1]
All three allylamines, mono-, di-, and triallylamine, are produced by the treating allyl chloride with ammonia followed by distillation. [3] Or by the reaction of allyl chloride with hexamine. [4] Pure samples can be prepared by hydrolysis of allyl isothiocyanate. [5] It behaves as a typical amine. [6]
Allyl halides are organic halides containing an allyl group. Allyl halides include: Allyl chloride; Allyl bromide; Allyl iodide; Allyl fluoride [Wikidata] See also.
In the process developed by Dow Chemical, glycerol undergoes two substitution reactions when treated with hydrogen chloride in the presence of a carboxylic acid catalyst. This is the same intermediate formed in the allyl chloride/hypochlorous acid process, and is likewise then treated with base to form epichlorohydrin. [10]
Allyl alcohol can also be made by the rearrangement of propylene oxide, a reaction that is catalyzed by potassium alum at high temperature. The advantage of this method relative to the allyl chloride route is that it does not generate salt. Also avoiding chloride-containing intermediates is the "acetoxylation" of propylene to allyl acetate: