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Allport's Scale of Prejudice goes from 1 to 5. Antilocution : Antilocution occurs when an in-group freely purports negative images of an out-group. [ 2 ] Hate speech is the extreme form of this stage. [ 3 ]
Harm avoidance is a temperament assessed in the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), its revised version (TCI-R) and the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) and is positively related to the trait neuroticism and inversely to extraversion in the Revised NEO Personality Inventory and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. [3]
Replacement: methods which avoid the use of animals in research; Reduction: use of methods that enable researchers to minimise the number of animals necessary to obtain reliable and useful information. Refinement: use of methods that alleviate or minimize potential pain, suffering, distress, or lasting harm and improve welfare for the animals used.
Cloninger suggested that the three dimensions, novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and reward dependence, were correlated with low basal dopaminergic activity, high serotonergic activity, and low basal noradrenergic activity, respectively. [5] Much research has gone into examining these links, e.g., with personality genetics.
Harm is not limited to harm to another individual but can extend to groups or communities, without specifying the affected individuals. This is an important principle for the purpose of determining harm that only manifests gradually over time—such that the resulting harm can be anticipated, but does not yet exist at the time that the action ...
Allport's stages of prejudice are antilocution, avoidance, discrimination, physical attack, and extermination. Antilocution is a compound noun consisting of the word 'locution' and prefix 'anti' which expresses locution's antithesis.
Distress is an inextricable part of life; therefore, avoidance is often only a temporary solution. Avoidance reinforces the notion that discomfort, distress and anxiety are bad, or dangerous. Sustaining avoidance often requires effort and energy. Avoidance limits one's focus at the expense of fully experiencing what is going on in the present.
Methodologically, a "Sidman avoidance procedure" [10] is an experiment in which the subject is periodically presented with an aversive stimulus, such as the introduction of carbon dioxide or an electric shock, unless they engage in a particular response, such as pulling a plunger, which delays the stimulus by a certain amount of time.