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  2. Eulerian path - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eulerian_path

    An Eulerian cycle, [note 1] also called an Eulerian circuit or Euler tour, in an undirected graph is a cycle that uses each edge exactly once. If such a cycle exists, the graph is called Eulerian or unicursal. [4] The term "Eulerian graph" is also sometimes used in a weaker sense to denote a graph where every vertex has even degree.

  3. Mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_descriptions...

    The current 3-form can be integrated over a 3-dimensional space-time region. The physical interpretation of this integral is the charge in that region if it is spacelike, or the amount of charge that flows through a surface in a certain amount of time if that region is a spacelike surface cross a timelike interval.

  4. List of electromagnetism equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_electromagnetism...

    Continuous charge distribution. The volume charge density ρ is the amount of charge per unit volume (cube), surface charge density σ is amount per unit surface area (circle) with outward unit normal nĚ‚, d is the dipole moment between two point charges, the volume density of these is the polarization density P.

  5. Hamiltonian path - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamiltonian_path

    In the mathematical field of graph theory, a Hamiltonian path (or traceable path) is a path in an undirected or directed graph that visits each vertex exactly once. A Hamiltonian cycle (or Hamiltonian circuit) is a cycle that visits each vertex exactly once. A Hamiltonian path that starts and ends at adjacent vertices can be completed by adding ...

  6. Conservation form - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_form

    Conservation form or Eulerian form refers to an arrangement of an equation or system of equations, usually representing a hyperbolic system, that emphasizes that a property represented is conserved, i.e. a type of continuity equation. The term is usually used in the context of continuum mechanics.

  7. Christofides algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christofides_algorithm

    Find a minimum-weight perfect matching M in the subgraph induced in G by O. Combine the edges of M and T to form a connected multigraph H in which each vertex has even degree. Form an Eulerian circuit in H. Make the circuit found in previous step into a Hamiltonian circuit by skipping repeated vertices (shortcutting).

  8. Electron mobility - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_mobility

    The two charge carriers, electrons and holes, will typically have different drift velocities for the same electric field. Quasi-ballistic transport is possible in solids if the electrons are accelerated across a very small distance (as small as the mean free path), or for a very short time (as short as the mean free time). In these cases, drift ...

  9. Lagrangian and Eulerian specification of the flow field

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_and_Eulerian...

    The Lagrangian and Eulerian specifications of the kinematics and dynamics of the flow field are related by the material derivative (also called the Lagrangian derivative, convective derivative, substantial derivative, or particle derivative). [1] Suppose we have a flow field u, and we are also given a generic field with Eulerian specification F ...