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This 15th-century battle scene shows the powerfully built horses used in warfare. From The Battle of San Romano by Paolo Uccello.. During the Decline of the Roman Empire and the Early Middle Ages, much of the quality breeding stock developed during the classical period was lost due to uncontrolled breeding and had to be built up again over the following centuries. [1]
Used during the 14th century, she was able to carry 15 to 20 horses. The Romans had developed efficient methods of sea transport for horses, which were improved by the Arabic nations in the Early Middle Ages; these transports became common in Europe from the tenth century. [1] Horse transports could be powered by oars, or sometimes by sail.
Hearse: The horse-drawn version of a modern hearse. Herdic: A specific type of horse-drawn carriage, used as an omnibus. Irish jaunting car, or outside car (1890–1900) Jaunting car: a sprung cart in which passengers sat back to back with their feet outboard of the wheels. Karozzin: a traditional Maltese carriage drawn by one horse or a pair
A horse especially bred for carriage use by appearance and stylish action is called a carriage horse; one for use on a road is a road horse. One such breed is the Cleveland Bay, uniformly bay in color, of good conformation and strong constitution. Horses were broken in using a bodiless carriage frame called a break or brake.
Buggy with a pair of horses c. 1900. A buggy is a four-wheeled American carriage made on a rectangular pattern, the body resembling a shallow box. There is a vertical leather dash with a metal rein rail on top. A single seat for two people is mounted in the middle of the box leaving room behind the seat for luggage.
These were designed to be pulled by a pair of horses. In 1619 George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham introduced the coach drawn by six horses. [6] A coach with four horses is a coach-and-four. [7]: 97 [8] A coach together with the horses, harness and attendants is a turnout. [7]: 286 [9] The bodies of early coaches were hung on leather straps.
An analysis of medieval horse armour located in the Royal Armouries indicates the equipment was originally worn by horses of 15 to 16 hands (60 to 64 inches, 152 to 163 cm), [9] about the size and build of a modern field hunter or ordinary riding horse. [10]
[1]: 89–90, 168 [2]: 138 The name vardo is a Romani term believed to have originated from the Ossetic wærdon meaning cart or carriage. [3] It is pulled by a single horse in shafts, sometimes with a second horse (called a sider or sideliner) hitched on its right side outside the shafts to help pull heavier loads or assist in pulling up a hill.