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A striking feature of western Tian Shan is the large number of basins containing Cenozoic rocks, prominent basins include the Fergana Basin in the southwest, the Issyk-Kul Basin in the east and Naryn Basin in the south. [16] On the edges of the Tian Shan, there are foreland basins with Cenozoic sediments several kilometers thick.
The geology of Kyrgyzstan began to form during the Proterozoic. The country has experienced long-running uplift events, forming the Tian Shan mountains and large, sediment filled basins. [ 1 ]
The Tian Shan with the Flaming Mountains at bottom Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves on cliffs under the Flaming Mountains. In ancient times, the merchant traders traversing the Silk Route in Southeast Asia avoided the mountains by stopping at oasis towns, such as Gaochang, built on the desert's rim at the foot of the Flaming Mountains and near an important mountain pass.
The Tian Shan, [note 1] also known as the Tengri Tagh [1] or Tengir-Too, [2] meaning the "Mountains of God/Heaven", is a large system of mountain ranges in Central Asia. The highest peak is Jengish Chokusu at 7,439 metres (24,406 ft) high.
The Fergana Range stretches from north-west to south-east, separating the Fergana Valley and the inner Tian Shan. The south-east section of the range is higher. It joins the Torugart Ridge and the Alaykuu Ridge via the Söök Pass (4024 m). [4] The South-west slope is long and low-sloped, the north-east - short and steep.
The Tian Shan are a mountain range north of the Tibetan Plateau and the Taklamakan Desert. Uplift of these mountains began 24 million years ago. It was a direct response to the continued extension of the Indian collision zone. The mountain range is still uplifting today along with the Himalaya. [9] [10]
Chatkal Range is a range in the Western Tian Shan that borders Ferghana Valley from northwest. It departs from Talas range and spreads out to south-west to the right bank of Angren (river) . The length of the range is 225 km (140 mi), and it is up to 30 km (19 mi) wide.
The Tian Shan foothill arid steppe ecoregion (WWF ID: PA0818) covers the northern and western approaches to the Tian Shan mountains, centered on Lake Issyk-Kul in Kyrgyzstan. This region receives more moisture from Central Asia, thereby supporting more vegetation and diversity of plant and animal species than the deserts to the south.