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The Tian Shan, [note 1] also known as the Tengri Tagh [1] or Tengir-Too, [2] meaning the "Mountains of God/Heaven", is a large system of mountain ranges in Central Asia. The highest peak is Jengish Chokusu at 7,439 metres (24,406 ft) high.
A striking feature of western Tian Shan is the large number of basins containing Cenozoic rocks, prominent basins include the Fergana Basin in the southwest, the Issyk-Kul Basin in the east and Naryn Basin in the south. [16] On the edges of the Tian Shan, there are foreland basins with Cenozoic sediments several kilometers thick.
The geology of Kyrgyzstan began to form during the Proterozoic. The country has experienced long-running uplift events, forming the Tian Shan mountains and large, sediment filled basins. [ 1 ]
The Tian Shan with the Flaming Mountains at bottom Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves on cliffs under the Flaming Mountains. In ancient times, the merchant traders traversing the Silk Route in Southeast Asia avoided the mountains by stopping at oasis towns, such as Gaochang, built on the desert's rim at the foot of the Flaming Mountains and near an important mountain pass.
The Fergana Range (Kyrgyz: Фергана тоо кыркасы; Russian: Ферганский хребет) [2] is a mountain range of the Tian Shan in the Kyrgyz Republic. [3] The length of the range is 206 km, and the average height is 3,600 m above sea level. The highest mountain is 4,893 m above sea level. [1]
The geology of China (or the geological structure of the People's Republic of China) consists of three Precambrian cratons surrounded by a number of orogenic belts. The modern tectonic environment is dominated by the continued collision of India with the rest of Asia starting 40–50 million years ago.
The Dunhong Mountain according to Classic of Mountains and Seas, is a mountain of the Tian Shan range. This mountain has been proposed to be the homeland of the Yuezhi. According to archaeologist Lin Meicun, this is the Dunhuang (Chinese: 燉煌) mentioned in the Shiji by Sima Qian, which states that:
Chatkal Range is a range in the Western Tian Shan that borders Ferghana Valley from northwest. It departs from Talas range and spreads out to south-west to the right bank of Angren (river) . The length of the range is 225 km (140 mi), and it is up to 30 km (19 mi) wide.