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Timeline of cosmological theories ... the inflationary epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe when, according to inflation theory, the universe ...
The chronology of the universe describes the history and future of the universe according to Big Bang cosmology.. Research published in 2015 estimates the earliest stages of the universe's existence as taking place 13.8 billion years ago, with an uncertainty of around 21 million years at the 68% confidence level.
When inflation ends, the temperature returns to the pre-inflationary temperature; this is called reheating or thermalization because the large potential energy of the inflaton field decays into particles and fills the Universe with Standard Model particles, including electromagnetic radiation, starting the radiation dominated phase of the Universe.
The timeline of the Universe lists events from its creation to its ultimate final state. For a timeline of the universe from the present to its presumed conclusion, see: Timeline of the far future; Chronology of the universe; Timeline of the universe
Timeline of the expansion of the universe, where space, including hypothetical non-observable portions of the universe, is represented at each time by the circular sections. On the left, the dramatic expansion occurs in the inflationary epoch ; and at the center, the expansion accelerates (artist's concept; neither time nor size are to scale).
By this time, the universe will have expanded by a factor of approximately 10 2554. [134] 1.1–1.2×10 14 (110–120 trillion) The time by which all stars in the universe will have exhausted their fuel (the longest-lived stars, low-mass red dwarfs, have lifespans of roughly 10–20 trillion years). [9]
The observable universe contains as many as an estimated 2 trillion galaxies [95] [96] [97] and, overall, as many as an estimated 10 24 stars [98] [99] – more stars (and earth-like planets) than all the grains of beach sand on planet Earth; [100] [101] [102] but less than the total number of atoms estimated in the universe as 10 82; [103] and ...
The timeline in this schematic diagram extends from the Big Bang/inflation era 13.8 billion years ago to the present cosmological time. Observations show that the expansion of the universe is accelerating , such that the velocity at which a distant galaxy recedes from the observer is continuously increasing with time.