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Modern Scotland is half the size of England and Wales in area, but with its many inlets, islands and inland lochs, it has roughly the same amount of coastline at 4,000 miles. Only a fifth of Scotland is less than 60 metres above sea level. Its east Atlantic position means that it experiences heavy rainfall, especially in the west.
Scotland from the Matthew Paris map, c. 1250, showing Hadrian's Wall and above it the Antonine Wall, both depicted battlemented. The long reign (900–942/3) of Causantín (Constantine II) is often regarded as the key to formation of the Kingdom of Alba. He was later credited with bringing Scottish Christianity into conformity with the Catholic ...
They often trained in bardic schools, of which a few, like the one run by the MacMhuirich dynasty, who were bards to the Lord of the Isles, [126] existed in Scotland and a larger number in Ireland, until they were suppressed from the seventeenth century. [122] Members of bardic schools were trained in the complex rules and forms of Gaelic ...
1.1.2 Scotland. 1.1.3 Wales. ... Toggle Middle East and North Africa subsection. ... Map of the world during the early Middle Ages 700 AD. Horn Africa
Scotland has a referendum on regaining national independence. The result is to remain a country of the UK, by 55% to 45%. 2014: 19 September: Alex Salmond announces his resignation as first minister following defeat in the independence referendum the day prior. 2014: 20 November
Since ancient times, the Middle East has had several lingua franca: Akkadian, Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek, and Arabic. [1] [2] [3] The Sumerians, around the 5th millennium BC, were among the first to develop a civilization. By 3150 BC, Egyptian civilization unified under its first pharaoh. [4]
From the 5th century on, north Britain was divided into a series of petty kingdoms. Of these, the four most important were those of the Picts in the north-east, the Scots of Dál Riata in the west, the Britons of Strathclyde in the south-west and the Anglian kingdom of Bernicia (which united with Deira to form Northumbria in 653) in the south-east, stretching into modern northern England.
A key 15th-century development was the advent of the movable type of printing press circa 1439 in Mainz, [51] building upon the impetus provided by the prior introduction of paper from China via the Arabs in the High Middle Ages. [52]