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The upper jaw, or maxilla [12] [13] is a fusion of two bones along the palatal fissure that form the upper jaw. This is similar to the mandible (lower jaw), which is also a fusion of two halves at the mandibular symphysis. In bony fish, the maxilla is called the "upper maxilla," with the mandible being the "lower maxilla".
Physically similar to blennies, most jawfish species are small fish (up to 10 cm or 3.9 in) with an elongated body plan. A few species, for example the aptly named giant jawfish (O. rhomaleus), reaches about 0.5 m (1 ft 8 in). Their heads, mouths, and eyes are large in size relative to the rest of their bodies.
Pharyngeal teeth are teeth in the pharyngeal arch of the throat of cyprinids, suckers, and a number of other fish species otherwise lacking teeth. [ 1 ] Many popular aquarium fish such as goldfish and loaches have these structures.
The Osteostraci (bony armored jawless fish) are generally considered the sister taxon of Gnathostomata. [3] [9] [10] Jaw development in vertebrates is likely a product of the supporting gill arches. This development would help push water into the mouth by the movement of the jaw, so that it would pass over the gills for gas exchange.
Jawless fish and sharks only possess a cartilaginous endocranium, with the upper and lower jaws of cartilaginous fish being separate elements not attached to the skull. Bony fishes have additional dermal bone, forming a more or less coherent skull roof in lungfish and holost fish. The lower jaw defines a chin.
There are currently 72 recognized species in this genus: Opistognathus adelus Smith-Vaniz, 2010 (Obscure jawfish) [2]; Opistognathus afer Smith-Vaniz, 2010 (African jawfish) [2]
The Syngnathidae is a family of fish which includes seahorses, pipefishes, and seadragons (Phycodurus and Phyllopteryx). The name is derived from Ancient Greek: σύν (syn), meaning "together", and γνάθος (gnathos), meaning "jaw". [1] The fused jaw is one of the traits that the entire family have in common. [2]
Aphareus rutilans is frequently encountered in fish markets in its range, it is largely caught using handlines and vertical long lines. It is also caught by spear fishing. [ 3 ] It is a locally common species throughout much of its range and so makes up an important component of the catch for many deep water fisheries.