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The degree of kinship between two people may give rise to several legal issues. Some laws prohibit sexual relations between closely related people, referred to as incestuous. Laws may also bar marriage between closely related people, which are almost universally prohibited to the second degree of consanguinity.
The coefficient of relationship is a measure of the degree of consanguinity (or biological relationship) between two individuals. The term coefficient of relationship was defined by Sewall Wright in 1922, and was derived from his definition of the coefficient of inbreeding of 1921.
Roman civil law prohibited marriages within four degrees of consanguinity. [3] This was calculated by counting up from one prospective partner to the common ancestor, then down to the other prospective partner. [4] The first prohibited degree of consanguinity was a parent-child relationship while a second degree would be a sibling relationship.
Consanguinity is practiced regardless of religious influences and is a result of cultural, historical, regional, and socio-economic factors. [2] [6] A greater number of consanguineous marriages are observed in rural areas compared to urban areas within the same region. This is attributed to the tendency of individuals in rural areas to marry at ...
Slaves, as such, could not contract a legal marriage, but if freed were then subject to the general rules. Also, a marriage contracted within the prohibited degrees of consanguinity or affinity if contracted bona fide, out of ignorance of any impediments, is allowed to stand and any children of this union were considered legitimate. [6]
For each additional degree of the cousin relationship, consanguinity is reduced by a quarter as the generations of separation increase by one on both sides. [16] Half cousins have half the consanguinity of ordinary cousins as they have half the common ancestors (i.e. one vs two).
Section 5-1-6 defines void and voidable marriages as those obtained by force or fraud, when a party was already legally married or when a prohibited degree of consanguinity existed. Section 5-1-5 requires the parties to declare that they are husband and wife in the presence of an official.
A lineal or direct descendant, in legal usage, is a blood relative in the direct line of descent – the children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, etc. of a person.In a legal procedure sense, lineal descent refers to the acquisition of estate by inheritance by parent from grandparent and by child from parent, whereas collateral descent refers to the acquisition of estate or real property ...