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This is a list of places on land below mean sea level. Places artificially created such as tunnels, mines, basements, and dug holes, or places under water, or existing temporarily as a result of ebbing of sea tide etc., are not included. Places where seawater and rainwater is pumped away are included.
Broken pieces of Arctic sea ice with a snow cover. Sea ice arises as seawater freezes. Because ice is less dense than water, it floats on the ocean's surface (as does fresh water ice). Sea ice covers about 7% of the Earth's surface and about 12% of the world's oceans.
The 700 hPa pressure level (or about 3000 m above sea level) is generally assumed as a rough estimate of the freezing level. Above the freezing altitude, the temperature of the air is below freezing. Below it, the temperature is above freezing.
These have very small annual temperature variations; average winter temperatures are kept near or above the freezing point of sea water (about −2 °C (28 °F)) since the unfrozen ocean cannot have a temperature below that, and summer temperatures in the parts of these regions that are considered part of the Arctic average less than 10 °C (50 ...
However, the strong hydrogen bonds in water make it different: for some pressures higher than 1 atm (0.10 MPa), water freezes at a temperature below 0 °C (32 °F). Ice, water, and water vapour can coexist at the triple point, which is exactly 273.16 K (0.01 °C) at a pressure of 611.657 Pa.
This is a list of countries and sovereign states by temperature. Average yearly temperature is calculated by averaging the minimum and maximum daily temperatures in the country, averaged for the years 1991 – 2020, from World Bank Group , derived from raw gridded climatologies from the Climatic Research Unit .
The lowest (from sea level) artificially made point with open sky may be the Hambach surface mine, Germany, which reaches a depth of 293 m (961 ft) below sea level. The lowest (from surface) artificially made point with open sky may be the Bingham Canyon Open Pit Copper Mine , Utah , United States, at a depth of 1,200 m (3,900 ft) below surface ...
With an average temperature of −55.2 °C (−67.4 °F), Vostok, Antarctica is the coldest place in the world, and has also recorded the lowest temperature, −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F). [3] The following chart indicates the average and record temperatures in this research station through a year: