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The modulus of elasticity of concrete is relatively constant at low stress levels but starts decreasing at higher stress levels as matrix cracking develops. The elastic modulus of the hardened paste may be in the order of 10-30 GPa and aggregates about 45 to 85 GPa. The concrete composite is then in the range of 30 to 50 GPa.
The four-point flexural test provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain and the flexural stress-strain response of the material. This test is very similar to the three-point bending flexural test .
Young's modulus is the slope of the linear part of the stress–strain curve for a material under tension or compression. Young's modulus (or Young modulus) is a mechanical property of solid materials that measures the tensile or compressive stiffness when the force is applied lengthwise. It is the modulus of elasticity for tension or axial ...
The bulk modulus can be calculated from the slope of this curve in the linear elastic region.The bulk modulus is defined as K=−VdV/dP, where V is the original volume, dP is the change in pressure, and dV is the change in volume.
1940s flexural test machinery working on a sample of concrete Test fixture on universal testing machine for three-point flex test. The three-point bending flexural test provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain and the flexural stress–strain response of the material.
The elastic section modulus is used to calculate a cross-section's resistance to bending within the elastic range, where stress and strain are proportional. The plastic section modulus is used to calculate a cross-section's capacity to resist bending after yielding has occurred across the entire section. It is used for determining the plastic ...
The flexural strength is stress at failure in bending. It is equal to or slightly larger than the failure stress in tension. Flexural strength, also known as modulus of rupture, or bend strength, or transverse rupture strength is a material property, defined as the stress in a material just before it yields in a flexure test. [1]
Flexural modulus measurement For a 3-point test of a rectangular beam behaving as an isotropic linear material, where w and h are the width and height of the beam, I is the second moment of area of the beam's cross-section, L is the distance between the two outer supports, and d is the deflection due to the load F applied at the middle of the ...