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  2. Homogeneous catalysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homogeneous_catalysis

    The term is used almost exclusively to describe solutions and implies catalysis by organometallic compounds. Homogeneous catalysis is an established technology that continues to evolve. An illustrative major application is the production of acetic acid. Enzymes are examples of homogeneous catalysts. [2]

  3. Tolman's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolman's_rule

    Many examples of homogeneous catalysis involving organometallic complexes involve shuttling of complexes between 16 and 18 electron configurations. 16-electron complexes often form adducts with Lewis bases and, if low-valent, undergo oxidative addition. CH 3 I + cis-[Rh(CO) 2 I 2] − → [(CH 3)Rh(CO) 2 I 3] −

  4. C2-Symmetric ligands - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C2-Symmetric_ligands

    In homogeneous catalysis, C 2-symmetric ligands refer to ligands that lack mirror symmetry but have C 2 symmetry (two-fold rotational symmetry). Such ligands are usually bidentate and are valuable in catalysis. [1]

  5. Ziegler–Natta catalyst - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziegler–Natta_catalyst

    Ziegler–Natta catalysts of the third class, non-metallocene catalysts, use a variety of complexes of various metals, ranging from scandium to lanthanoid and actinoid metals, and a large variety of ligands containing oxygen (O 2), nitrogen (N 2), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S). The complexes are activated using MAO, as is done for metallocene ...

  6. Metal-catalysed hydroboration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal-catalysed_hydroboration

    Catalyst prepared and handled under anaerobic condition reverses the selectivity to favor the secondary boronate ester. What has been debated is the coordination of the alkene. In the dissociative mechanism, proposed by Männig and Nöth, [ 4 ] and supported by Evans and Fu [ 5 ] the coordination is accompanied by the loss of one ...

  7. Olefin metathesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olefin_metathesis

    The homogeneous catalysts are often classified as Schrock catalysts and Grubbs catalysts. Schrock catalysts feature molybdenum(VI)- and tungsten(VI)-based centers supported by alkoxide and imido ligands. [4] Commercially available schrock catalysts. Grubbs catalysts, on the other hand, are ruthenium(II) carbenoid complexes. [5]

  8. Metal-phosphine complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal-phosphine_complex

    One of the first applications of phosphine ligands in catalysis was the use of triphenylphosphine in "Reppe" chemistry (1948), which included reactions of alkynes, carbon monoxide, and alcohols. [16] In his studies, Reppe discovered that this reaction more efficiently produced acrylic esters using NiBr 2 (PPh 3) 2 as a catalyst instead of NiBr 2.

  9. Catalysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalysis

    An illustrative example is the effect of catalysts to speed the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen: . 2 H 2 O 2 → 2 H 2 O + O 2. This reaction proceeds because the reaction products are more stable than the starting compound, but this decomposition is so slow that hydrogen peroxide solutions are commercially available.