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The vertebral column usually contains 54 bones: 7 cervical vertebrae, including the atlas (C1) and axis (C2) which support and help move the skull, 18 (or rarely, 19) thoracic, [2] 5-6 lumbar, 5 sacral (which fuse together to form the sacrum), and 15-25 caudal [2] vertebrae with an average of 18. Differences in number may occur, particularly in ...
Most horses have 18 thoracic vertebrae. The processes at the withers can be more than 30 centimetres (12 in) long. Since they do not move relative to the ground as the horse's head does, the withers are used as the measuring point for the height of a horse. Horses are sometimes measured in hands – one hand is 4 inches (10.2 cm). Horse heights ...
Ideally, the length of a horse's back from the peak of the withers to the point of the hip should be 1/3 of the horse's overall body length (from the point of the shoulder to the point of the buttock, excluding head and neck). A horse's back is called "long" if the length exceeds 1/3 and "short" if less than 1/3.
Helps to raise the shoulder toward the head, and raise the neck upward. Scalenus: originates on the cranial and lateral side of the first rib, inserts into the transverse process of the cervical vertebrae (C4-C7). Semispinalis capitis: originates on the cervical vertebrae and first 6-7 thoracic vertebrae.
In other animals the number of thoracic vertebrae can vary greatly; [2] for example, most marsupials have 13, but koalas have only 11. [ 3 ] 12 to 15 is common among mammals , with 18 to 20 in horses , tapirs , rhinoceroses , and elephants , and extremes in mammals are marked by certain sloths with 25 and cetaceans with 9.
It protects vital organs, provides framework, and supports soft parts of the body. Horses have 205 bones, which are divided into the appendicular skeleton (the legs) and the axial skeleton (the skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs). Both pelvic and thoracic limbs contain the same number of bones, 20 bones per limb. Bones are connected to ...
The discovery of a severed horse head, and a cow quartered with its bloodied dead calf splayed on top, have rattled a Sicilian, with authorities treating the incident as a mafia threat.
The number of thoracic vertebrae varies considerably across the species. [31] Most marsupials have thirteen, but koalas only have eleven. [ 32 ] The usual number is twelve to fifteen in mammals , (twelve in the human ), though there are from eighteen to twenty in the horse , tapir , rhinoceros and elephant .