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It involves re-melting the metal, which is cheaper and more energy-efficient than the production of virgin aluminium by electrolysis of alumina (Al 2 O 3) refined from raw bauxite by use of the Bayer and Hall–Héroult processes. Recycling scrap aluminium requires only 5% of the energy used to make new aluminium from the raw ore. [2]
"Recyclate" is a raw material sent to and processed in a waste recycling plant or materials-recovery facility [50] so it can be used in the production of new materials and products. For example, plastic bottles can be made into plastic pellets and synthetic fabrics. [51]
Recycling can be carried out on various raw materials. Recycling is an important part of creating more sustainable economies , reducing the cost and environmental impact of raw materials. Not all materials are easily recycled, and processing recyclable into the correct waste stream requires considerable energy.
Resource recovery can be enabled by changes in government policy and regulation, circular economy infrastructure such as improved 'binfrastructure' to promote source separation and waste collection, reuse and recycling, [5] innovative circular business models, [6] and valuing materials and products in terms of their economic but also their social and environmental costs and benefits. [7]
The most suitable materials for closed-loop recycling are aluminum and glass. These are known to maintain their quality throughout many cycles of extraction, production, use, and recycling. [5] For example, aluminum cans can be recycled and turned into new cans with practically no material degradation or waste. [citation needed]
A Century Aluminum plant in Kentucky vented tons of perfluorocarbons, or PFCs, which are among the most potent and longest-lasting greenhouse gases on the planet.
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Waste valorization, beneficial reuse, beneficial use, value recovery or waste reclamation [1] is the process of waste products or residues from an economic process being valorized (given economic value), by reuse or recycling in order to create economically useful materials.