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A buffer solution is a solution where the pH does not change significantly on dilution or if an acid or base is added at constant temperature. [1] Its pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical ...
The bicarbonate buffer system is an acid-base homeostatic mechanism involving the balance of carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3), bicarbonate ion (HCO − 3), and carbon dioxide (CO 2) in order to maintain pH in the blood and duodenum, among other tissues, to support proper metabolic function. [1]
These buffers include the bicarbonate buffer system, the phosphate buffer system, and the protein buffer system. [ 7 ] Respiratory component: The second line of defense is rapid consisting of the control the carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3 ) concentration in the ECF by changing the rate and depth of breathing by hyperventilation or hypoventilation .
Since biological cells contain fluid that can act as a buffer, pH i can be maintained fairly well within a certain range. [11] Cells adjust their pH i accordingly upon an increase in acidity or basicity, usually with the help of CO 2 or HCO 3 – sensors present in the membrane of the cell. [3]
The carbonate buffer system is a series of reactions that uses carbonate as a buffer to convert into bicarbonate. [15] The carbonate buffer reaction helps maintain a constant H+ concentration in the ocean because it consumes hydrogen ions, [16] and thereby maintains a constant pH. [17]
In a buffer, a weak acid and its conjugate base (in the form of a salt), or a weak base and its conjugate acid, are used in order to limit the pH change during a titration process. Buffers have both organic and non-organic chemical applications. For example, besides buffers being used in lab processes, human blood acts as a buffer to maintain pH.
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Secondly, the pH (at equilibrium) can be calculated from an individual buffer system regardless of other buffers present. That is, in vivo, knowing the concentration of pCO 2 (weak acid) and bicarbonate (conjugate base) and the pKa of that buffer system, the pH can be calculated regardless of the presence of other contributing buffers.
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