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The Alexander Mosaic of Pompeii, depicting Alexander the Great, king of Macedon, wearing the linothorax [6] Beginning around 575 BC, artists in the Aegean often show a distinctive style of armour with a smooth piece wrapped around the chest, two flaps over the shoulders, and a skirt of flaps covering the hips and belly. [7]
Arrian and Plutarch claimed that Alexander was speechless by this time, implying that this was an apocryphal story. [191] Diodorus, Curtius and Justin offered the more plausible story that Alexander passed his signet ring to Perdiccas, a bodyguard and leader of the companion cavalry, in front of witnesses, thereby nominating him. [155] [189]
Hephaestion (Ancient Greek: Ἡφαιστίων Hēphaistíōn; c. 356 BC – October 324 BC), son of Amyntor, was an ancient Macedonian nobleman of probable "Attic or Ionian extraction" [3] and a general in the army of Alexander the Great.
According to legend, Alexander went on pilgrimage to the Siwa Oasis, the sanctuary of the Greco-Egyptian deity Zeus Ammon in 331 BC. There, he was pronounced by the Oracle to be the son of Zeus Ammon, [2] allowing him to therefore have the Horns of Ammon, which themselves followed from Egyptian iconography of Ammon as a ram-headed god or, in his Greek-form, a man with ram horns. [3]
The tomb of Alexander the Great is attested in several historical accounts, but its current exact location remains an enduring mystery. Following Alexander's death in Babylon , his body was initially buried in Memphis by one of his generals, Ptolemy I Soter , before being transferred to Alexandria , where it was reburied. [ 1 ]
But the story showed where such a climb would lead, and proved that the great Alexander "was one of the greatest fools the world has ever seen". [ 10 ] Rice and Boardman have both argued that the figure on the Anglo-Saxon Alfred Jewel intended to represent this scene in order to represent the notion of one coming to knowledge through sight.
There is evidence to suggest that orally transmitted legends about Alexander the Great found their way to the Quran. [26] In the story of Dhu al-Qarnayn, "The Two-Horned One" (chapter al-Kahf, verse 83–94), Dhu al-Qarnayn is identified by most Western and traditional Muslim scholars as a reference to Alexander the Great. [27] [28] [29]
Vasco de Lucena presenting his translation of Rufus' Histories of Alexander the Great to Charles the Bold, c. 1470 The Historiae survives in 123 codices, or bound manuscripts, all deriving from an original in the second half of the 9th century, Paris, BnF lat. 5716, which was copied during the Carolingian Renaissance for a certain Count Conrad by the scribe Haimo in the Loire region.