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2. Insulating concrete form - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulating_concrete_form

   The first expanded polystyrene ICF Wall forms were developed in the late 1960s with the expiration of the original patent and the advent of modern foam plastics by BASF. [citation needed] Canadian contractor Werner Gregori filed the first patent for a foam concrete form in 1966 with a block "measuring 16 inches high by 48 inches long with a tongue-and-groove interlock, metal ties, and a waffle ...

3. Orthotropic deck - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthotropic_deck

   The orthotropic deck may be integral with or supported on a grid of deck framing members, such as transverse floor beams and longitudinal girders. All these various choices for the stiffening elements, e.g., ribs, floor beams and main girders, can be interchanged, resulting in a great variety of orthotropic panels.

4. Waffle slab - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waffle_slab

   The grid is formed by the removal of molds after the concrete sets. This structure was designed to be more solid when used on longer spans and with heavier loads. [ 3 ] This type of structure, because of its rigidity, is recommended for buildings that require minimal vibration, like laboratories and manufacturing facilities. [ 3 ]

5. Structural insulated panel - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_insulated_panel

   Typical U.S. height for panels is 8 or 9 feet (2.4 or 2.7 m). Panels come in widths ranging from 4 to 12 inches (100–300 mm) thick and a rough cost is $4–$6/ft 2 in the U.S. [5] In 4Q 2010, new methods of forming radius, sine curve, arches and tubular SIPs were commercialized. Due to the custom nature and technical difficulty of forming and ...

6. Deck (bridge) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deck_(bridge)

   A grid deck uses beams and diaphragms as the supporting structure. The supporting system of a grid deck is analyzed using a grillage analysis. A slab deck is one where the deck is analyzed as a plate. If the slab has a stiffness that is different in two directions (at right angles), then the deck is known and analyzed as an orthotropic deck.

7. Glass fiber reinforced concrete - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/.../Glass_fiber_reinforced_concrete

   Glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) is a type of fiber-reinforced concrete. The product is also known as glassfibre reinforced concrete or GRC in British English. [1] Glass fiber concretes are mainly used in exterior building façade panels and as architectural precast concrete. Somewhat similar materials are fiber cement siding and cement ...