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A civil service official, also known as a public servant or public employee, is a person employed in the public sector by a government department or agency for public sector undertakings. Civil servants work for central and local governments, and answer to the government, not a political party.
In the United States, government employees includes the U.S. federal civil service, employees of the state governments, and employees of local governments. [ citation needed ] Government employees are not necessarily the same as civil servants, as some jurisdictions specifically define which employees are civil servants; for example, it often ...
The United States federal civil service is the civilian workforce (i.e., non-elected and non-military public sector employees) of the United States federal government's departments and agencies. The federal civil service was established in 1871 ( 5 U.S.C. § 2101 ). [ 1 ]
The Civil Service Yearbook is an annual reference guide to the Civil Service and non-departmental public bodies. It is currently only available as an Online Edition at civilserviceyearbook.com . The book was first published in 1972 [ 1 ] and replaced the British Imperial Calendar .
The Free Library has a separate homepage. It is a free reference website that offers full-text versions of classic literary works by hundreds of authors. It is also a news aggregator, offering articles from a large collection of periodicals containing over four million articles dating back to 1984. Newly published articles are added to the site ...
Elected and career public servants in national, state, and local governments for outstanding government service United Kingdom: Duff Cooper Prize: The Duff Cooper Prize: Best work of history, biography, political science or (very occasionally) poetry Europe: Euromoney Finance Minister of the Year: Euromoney: Finance minister of the year Europe
Carl Schurz, founder of the Liberal Republican Party and prominent advocate of civil service reform. Civil service reform in the United States was a major issue in the late 19th century at the national level, and in the early 20th century at the state level. Proponents denounced the distribution of government offices—the "spoils"—by the ...
In politics and government, a spoils system (also known as a patronage system) is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its supporters, friends (), and relatives as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party—as opposed to a merit system, where offices are awarded or promoted on the basis of some ...