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The binary number system expresses any number as a sum of powers of 2, and denotes it as a sequence of 0 and 1, separated by a binary point, where 1 indicates a power of 2 that appears in the sum; the exponent is determined by the place of this 1: the nonnegative exponents are the rank of the 1 on the left of the point (starting from 0), and ...
The cube of every connected graph necessarily contains a Hamiltonian cycle. [10] It is not necessarily the case that the square of a connected graph is Hamiltonian, and it is NP-complete to determine whether the square is Hamiltonian. [11] Nevertheless, by Fleischner's theorem, the square of a 2-vertex-connected graph is always Hamiltonian. [12]
A drawing of a graph with 6 vertices and 7 edges.. In mathematics and computer science, graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects.
For arbitrary graph families, and arbitrary sentences, this problem is undecidable. However, satisfiability of MSO 2 sentences is decidable for the graphs of bounded treewidth, and satisfiability of MSO 1 sentences is decidable for graphs of bounded clique-width. The proof involves using Courcelle's theorem to build an automaton that can test ...
Polynomials: Can be generated solely by addition, multiplication, and raising to the power of a positive integer. Constant function: polynomial of degree zero, graph is a horizontal straight line; Linear function: First degree polynomial, graph is a straight line. Quadratic function: Second degree polynomial, graph is a parabola.
Two to the power of n, written as 2 n, is the number of values in which the bits in a binary word of length n can be set, where each bit is either of two values. A word, interpreted as representing an integer in a range starting at zero, referred to as an "unsigned integer", can represent values from 0 (000...000 2) to 2 n − 1 (111...111 2) inclusively.
In graph theory, the Shannon capacity of a graph is a graph invariant defined from the number of independent sets of strong graph products. It is named after American mathematician Claude Shannon . It measures the Shannon capacity of a communications channel defined from the graph, and is upper bounded by the Lovász number , which can be ...
Spectral graph theory is the branch of graph theory that uses spectra to analyze graphs. See also spectral expansion. split 1. A split graph is a graph whose vertices can be partitioned into a clique and an independent set. A related class of graphs, the double split graphs, are used in the proof of the strong perfect graph theorem. 2.