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Iodine deficiency is a lack of the trace element iodine, an essential nutrient in the diet.It may result in metabolic problems such as goiter, sometimes as an endemic goiter as well as congenital iodine deficiency syndrome due to untreated congenital hypothyroidism, which results in developmental delays and other health problems.
Congenital iodine deficiency has been almost eliminated in developed countries through iodine supplementation of food and by newborn screening using a blood test for thyroid function. [ 5 ] Treatment consists of lifelong administration of thyroxine (T4).
There is also an oral capsule that contains the oil, equivalent to 190 mg iodine. [18] [19] Iodized poppyseed oil (Lipiodol) given orally or intermuscularly produces a long-lasting store of iodine in the body, allowing very infrequent dosing. Iodized oil is a cost-effective way of combating iodine deficiency.
Treatment Incidence and prevalence Prognosis Iodine deficiency: Hyperplasia of thyroid to compensate for decreased efficacy: Can cause hypothyroidism: Diffuse: Iodine: Constitutes over 90% cases of goitre worldwide [3] Increased size of thyroid may be permanent if untreated for around five years Congenital hypothyroidism: Inborn errors of ...
Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of primary hypothyroidism and endemic goiter worldwide. [8] [9] In areas of the world with sufficient dietary iodine, hypothyroidism is most commonly caused by the autoimmune disease Hashimoto's thyroiditis (chronic autoimmune thyroiditis). [8] [9] Hashimoto's may be associated with a goiter.
Treatment of endemic goitre is medical with iodine and thyroxine preparations. Surgery is only necessary in cases that are complicated by significant compression of nearby structures. Surgery is only necessary in cases that are complicated by significant compression of nearby structures.
The word "cretinism" is an old term for the state of mental and physical retardation resulting from untreated congenital hypothyroidism, usually due to iodine deficiency from birth because of low iodine levels in the soil and local food sources. The term, like so many other 19th century medical terms, acquired pejorative connotations as it ...
Worldwide, iodine deficiency affects about two billion people and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual and developmental disabilities. [1] [2] Deficiency also causes thyroid gland problems, including endemic goitre. In many countries, iodine deficiency is a major public health problem that can be cheaply addressed by purposely ...
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