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A drawing by Konrad Lorenz showing facial expressions of a dog. The grimace scale (GS), sometimes called the grimace score, is a method of assessing the occurrence or severity of pain experienced by non-human animals according to objective and blinded scoring of facial expressions, as is done routinely for the measurement of pain in non-verbal humans.
The universality hypothesis is the assumption that certain facial expressions and face-related acts or events are signals of specific emotions (happiness with laughter and smiling, sadness with tears, anger with a clenched jaw, fear with a grimace, or gurn, surprise with raised eyebrows and wide eyes along with a slight retraction of the ears ...
It is distinct from a similar but usually involuntary expression of anxiety known as a grimace. Although cross-cultural studies have shown that smiling is a means of communication throughout the world, [ 1 ] there are large differences among different cultures, religions, and societies, with some using smiles to convey confusion, embarrassment ...
Grimace may refer to: A type of facial expression usually of disgust, disapproval, or pain; Grimace (composer), a French composer active in the mid-to-late 14th century; Grimace (character), a McDonaldland marketing character developed to promote the restaurant's milkshakes; Grimace scale, a method of assessing the occurrence or severity of pain
A study conducted by Vick and others (2006) suggests that the FACS can be modified by taking differences in underlying morphology into account. Such considerations enable a comparison of the homologous facial movements present in humans and chimpanzees, to show that the facial expressions of both species result from extremely notable appearance ...
The original findings were highly cited, [36] widely covered in the scientific press, [37] and Mogil was awarded the Bennet Cohen Award from the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science [38] and the SGV Award from the Swiss Laboratory Animal Science Association [39] for the finding. Grimace scales are now routinely used in ...
In 2020, a study on the use of consumer facial images for marketing research purposes concluded that deep learning on facial images can extract a variety of personal information relevant to marketers and so users' facial images could become a basis for ad targeting on Tinder and Facebook. [55]
The flehmen response (/ ˈ f l eɪ m ən /; from German flehmen, to bare the upper teeth, and Upper Saxon German flemmen, to look spiteful), also called the flehmen position, flehmen reaction, flehmen grimace, flehming, or flehmening, is a behavior in which an animal curls back its upper lip exposing its front teeth, inhales with the nostrils usually closed, and then often holds this position ...