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Outcrop of Ordovician kukersite oil shale, northern Estonia Lower Jurassic oil shale near Holzmaden, Germany. Oil shale geology is a branch of geologic sciences which studies the formation and composition of oil shales–fine-grained sedimentary rocks containing significant amounts of kerogen, and belonging to the group of sapropel fuels. [1]
As the basin fills up, shallow-water sandstones and continental deposits form. [3] [4] Most of the resulting rocks have little deformation, but near the edge of the mountain chain they can be subject to folding and thrusting. [3] After the basin fills up, continental sediments are deposited on top of the flysch. [4]
Oil shale is an organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen (a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds) from which liquid hydrocarbons can be produced. In addition to kerogen, general composition of oil shales constitutes inorganic substance and bitumens.
According to U.S. Energy Information Administration estimates published in June 2013, the total Bazhenov shale prospective area has a resource of a risked tight oil in-place of 1,243 billion barrels (1.976 × 10 11 cubic metres) and a risked shale gas in-place of 1,920 trillion cubic feet (54 trillion cubic metres), with 74.6 billion barrels (1 ...
This encloses much fluid which under pressure causing the whole shale bed to turn into a viscous, low density, high mobility layer. The over-pressured shale layers trigger and initiate the growth faults in the same way as the evaporite layers does. [6] Earthquakes arise and result from the release of the force along the growth fault plane. [12]
Shale is characterized by its tendency to split into thin layers less than one centimeter in thickness. This property is called fissility. [1] Shale is the most common sedimentary rock. [2] The term shale is sometimes applied more broadly, as essentially a synonym for mudrock, rather than in the narrower sense of clay-rich fissile mudrock. [3]
It is well known as the host rock for major deposits of shale oil and shale gas. The large oil discovery in the Vaca Muerta Formation was made in 2010 by the former Repsol-YPF . [ 1 ] The total proven reserves are around 927 million barrels (147.4 × 10 ^ 6 m 3 ), [ 2 ] and as of 2014 YPF 's production alone was nearly 45,000 barrels per day ...
A foreland basin is a structural basin that develops adjacent and parallel to a mountain belt. Foreland basins form because the immense mass created by crustal thickening associated with the evolution of a mountain belt causes the lithosphere to bend, by a process known as lithospheric flexure.