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Chicago blues is a form of blues music that developed in Chicago, Illinois. It is based on earlier blues idioms, such as Delta blues , but is performed in an urban style . It developed alongside the Great Migration of African Americans of the first half of the twentieth century.
Chicago's music scene has been well known for its blues music for many years. "Chicago Blues" uses a variety of instruments in a way which heavily influenced early rock and roll music, including instruments like electrically amplified guitar, drums, piano, bass guitar and sometimes the saxophone or harmonica, which are generally used in Delta blues, which originated in Mississippi.
Chicago becomes a "center for blues performance" in the city's large African-American community, [355] while a kind of piano-based blues called boogie-woogie becomes the most popular form of the blues. [10] The Golden Gate Quartet becomes one of the most popular recording artists in the country, beginning the era of greatest popularity for ...
Gospel, blues and jazz were also diversifying during this period, with new subgenres evolving in different cities like Memphis, New York, New Orleans and Chicago. Jazz quickly replaced the blues as American popular music, in the form of big band swing, a kind of dance music from the early 1930s. Swing used large ensembles, and was not generally ...
After World War II, new styles of electric blues became popular in cities such as Chicago, [93] Memphis, [94] Detroit [95] [96] and St. Louis. Electric blues used electric guitars, double bass (gradually replaced by bass guitar), drums, and harmonica (or "blues harp") played through a microphone and a PA system or an overdriven guitar amplifier.
Sweet Home Chicago" performed at the White House with Barack Obama joining B.B. King on the chorus. Blues standards are blues songs that have attained a high level of recognition due to having been widely performed and recorded. [1] They represent the best known and most interpreted blues songs that are seen as standing the test of time. [2]
Current research suggests that Freddie Spruell is the first Delta blues artist to have been recorded; his "Milk Cow Blues" was recorded in Chicago in June 1926. [1] According to Dixon and Godrich (1981), Tommy Johnson and Ishmon Bracey were recorded by Victor on that company's second field trip to Memphis, in 1928.
Classic female urban or vaudeville blues singers were popular in the 1920s, among them Mamie Smith, Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Victoria Spivey. Mamie Smith, more a vaudeville performer than a blues artist, [36] was the first African-American to record a blues in 1920; her "Crazy Blues" sold over 75,000 copies in its first month. [37]