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Each pore size plays a role in soil's physical functioning. Large pores drain rapidly and are needed for good air exchange during wet periods, preventing oxygen deficiency that can drown plants and increase pest problems. Oxygen-deficient wet soils increase denitrification – conversion of nitrogen to gaseous forms.
Air plants are epiphytes, meaning they anchor to a host plant by their roots. They do not need soil to grow, absorbing moisture and nutrients through little scale-like structures, called trichomes ...
While plants that are hygrophytes grow on wet soils, [4] both types of plants are adapted to growing in soils that are low-oxygen (anaerobic) environments where there is extended periods of water saturation or flooding. The roots receive oxygen by alternative means than typical terrestrial plants which take up oxygen from the soil.
When this anaerobic environment continues for long periods during the growing season, quite different biological and chemical reactions begin to dominate, compared with aerobic soils. In soils where saturation with water is prolonged and is repeated for many years, unique soil properties usually develop that can be recognized in the field.
Note also the vehicle tracks in the top image with roughly proximate higher temperature readings in the bottom image with an 8 °C. differential. Over time vehicles compact soil structure leading to reduced plant growth, especially when vehicles drive on wet soils. This image reveals that turf can be as cooling as forest.
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If the soil is not fully saturated, it contains air pockets. The permeability is reduced due to the presence of air which causes a blockage to the passage of water. [3] Consequently, the permeability of a partially saturated soil is considerably smaller than that of fully saturated soil. In fact, Darcy's Law is not strictly applicable to such ...
Researchers will grow a C 4 plant on soil that was previously occupied by a C 3 plant or vice versa. By taking soil respiration measurements and analyzing the isotopic ratios of the CO 2 it can be determined whether the soil respiration is mostly old versus recently formed carbon. For example, maize, a C 4 plant, was grown on soil where spring ...