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Certified reference materials (CRMs) are 'controls' or standards used to check the quality and metrological traceability of products, to validate analytical measurement methods, or for the calibration of instruments. [1] A certified reference material is a particular form of measurement standard.
Calibration laboratories provide legal metrological traceability in South Africa. The laboratories form an integral part of the metrological chain whenever physical measurements are performed. The calibration programme ensures that: the weights of the sugar, maize meal and flour purchased by consumers are correct.
Within a product's supply chain, traceability may be both a regulatory and an ethical or environmental issue. [3] Traceability is increasingly becoming a core criterion for sustainability efforts related to supply chains wherein knowing the producer, workers and other links stands as a necessary factor that underlies credible claims of social, economic, or environmental impacts. [4]
Radio-frequency identification and barcodes are two common technology methods used to deliver traceability. [1] RFID is synonymous with track-and-trace solutions, and has a critical role to play in supply chains. RFID is a code-carrying technology, and can be used in place of a barcode to enable non-line of sight-reading.
The Joint Committee for Traceability in Laboratory Medicine or JCTLM is collaboration between the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), the International Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC), and the International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC).
Metrology traceability pyramid. Metrological traceability is defined as the "property of a measurement result whereby the result can be related to a reference through a documented unbroken chain of calibrations, each contributing to the measurement uncertainty". [33]
ISO/TS 15530-1:2013 Part 1: Overview and metrological characteristics; ISO 15530-3:2011 Part 3: Use of calibrated workpieces or measurement standards; ISO/TS 15530-4:2008 Part 4: Evaluating task-specific measurement uncertainty using simulation
ISO 21849:2006 Aircraft and space - Industrial data - Product identification and traceability; ISO 21871:2006 Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs – Horizontal method for the determination of low numbers of presumptive Bacillus cereus – Most probable number technique and detection method