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Nyctalopia (/ ˌ n ɪ k t ə ˈ l oʊ p i ə /; from Ancient Greek νύκτ-(núkt-) 'night' ἀλαός (alaós) 'blind, invisible' and ὄψ (óps) 'eye'), [1] also called night-blindness, is a condition making it difficult or impossible to see in relatively low light. It is a symptom of several eye diseases.
The exact cause of ALO is not yet fully understood. Despite its name, it is not a true apraxia, but thought to be due to a supranuclear origin of abnormal neuronal activity. Voluntary eyelid opening involves the simultaneous activation of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle and the inhibition of the orbicularis oculi muscle.
In children, the most common cause is a stroke of the ventral pons. [9]Unlike persistent vegetative state, in which the upper portions of the brain are damaged and the lower portions are spared, locked-in syndrome is essentially the opposite, caused by damage to specific portions of the lower brain and brainstem, with no damage to the upper brain.
Most persons with Pfeiffer syndrome type 1 have a normal intelligence and life span; types 2 and 3 typically cause neurodevelopmental disorders and early death. Later in life, surgery can help in bone formation and facial construction. Pfeiffer syndrome affects about 1 in 100,000 persons. [1]
Limitation of abduction of the right eye. This individual tries to look to his right, but the right eye fails to turn to the side. The nerve dysfunction induces esotropia, a convergent squint on distance fixation. On near fixation the affected individual may have only a latent deviation and be able to maintain binocularity or have an esotropia ...
Hemianopsia, or hemianopia, is a visual field loss on the left or right side of the vertical midline. It can affect one eye but usually affects both eyes. Homonymous hemianopsia (or homonymous hemianopia) is hemianopic visual field loss on the same side of both eyes. Homonymous hemianopsia occurs because the right half of the brain has visual ...
This is a partial list of human eye diseases and disorders. The World Health Organization (WHO) publishes a classification of known diseases and injuries, the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, or ICD-10. This list uses that classification.
Particularly when associated with dry eyes, blepharospasm may be relieved with warm compresses, eye drops, and eye wipes. [40] [41] A Japanese study showed that warm compresses containing menthol were more effective in increasing tear film. [42] Drugs used to treat blepharospasm are anticholinergics, benzodiazepines, baclofen, and tetrabenazine ...